Biodiversity has become a critical issue of intense global concern. Regardless of whether species are well-known to humans, they provide the essential resources needed to sustain human society, including materials, medicines, industrial raw materials, and agricultural gene banks. This course aims to build students' understanding of the theoretical foundations of conservation biology and further explores how to apply these theories to the practical conservation of wild flora and fauna in Taiwan. Ultimately, it seeks to cultivate the mindset and skills needed to balance scientific principles with the sustainable use of resources.