This graduate-level course introduces laser-defined functional carbon-based materials from the viewpoints of laser processing, carbon material growth, patterned structures, characterization, and device applications. The course emphasizes how localized laser energy can be used to define patterns, modify surfaces, assist material transfer, activate catalytic regions, and support the selective growth or integration of carbon-based materials. Carbon nanotubes, graphene, amorphous carbon, diamond-like carbon, carbon nanowalls, and laser-induced carbon materials will be discussed. Field emission is used as a representative application to connect material structure, patterned geometry, and functional device performance.