This graduate-level course introduces the fundamental principles of nanomaterials and their applications in medicine, progressing from nanoscale properties, synthesis, and characterization to nano–bio interactions, drug delivery, targeting, therapeutic applications, safety, and clinical translation. The course emphasizes active learning through scientific literature, data analysis, case discussions, and mini-project development, encouraging students to critically evaluate how nanomaterial design influences biological function, what evidence supports proposed mechanisms, and what challenges must be addressed for successful biomedical translation.